{"id":51,"date":"2019-08-20T10:44:10","date_gmt":"2019-08-20T08:44:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gsa-technology.ch\/?page_id=51"},"modified":"2026-04-16T11:53:31","modified_gmt":"2026-04-16T09:53:31","slug":"gsa-grundlagen-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.gsa-technology.ch\/en\/gsa-technologie\/gsa-grundlagen-2\/","title":{"rendered":"GSA basics"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Glued-in threaded rods are among the most powerful connectors in modern timber construction engineering. Whether glued in parallel or perpendicular to the grain direction, powerful forces can be applied in small areas of the wooden components. In conjunction with Professor Ernst Gehri, neue Holzbau AG (n\u2019H) has been conducting research in this area since the late 1990s. Under the brand name \u201cGSA technology\u201d, a range of solutions has since been developed which are being successfully applied in various timber frameworks all over the world.
Wood, resin and steel form an interlocking system, requiring the harmonisation of the three components\u2019 properties. Certain rules and conditions must be complied with if optimum connections are to be created. To avoid any brittle failure modes of either the wood or the adhesive, connections must be designed such that the steel rods (ductile) fail in the ultimate limit state.
This page explains the basics on which the high performances in the GSA design tables<\/a> are based. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tender specifications<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

In construction practice, tender specifications must often strive for product neutrality. The tender specifications for the GSA technology were thus developed according to this principle. Ideally, planners primarily define the required connection forces and the associated dimensions. Since further requirements regarding material, fire safety and humidity may have a significant impact, they are included in the introductory text relating to the respective connections. In addition, the general Terms and conditions<\/a> can be included in the first section of the specifications.
The Download section<\/a> contains our entire collection both as an excel file and as an import for the SIA 451 interface. \u2192 Example of a simple connection: Truss posts<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Requirements<\/h2>

The current standards applying to structural components require framework planners to make various classifications.<\/p><\/div>

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Consequence class 1-3 judges the scope of damage when a construction fails. This allows for the deduction of project engineering and implementation parameters. A further aspect consists of the stress type (service category 1-2). In line with common practice in the structural engineering sector, the information provided in this document generally applies to static and quasi-static actions (snow, wind, structural loads in buildings and seismic action, \u2018non-ductile\u2019). Cyclical (seismic action, ‘ductile\u2019) and dynamic stresses (fatigue: cranes, live loads, etc.) may also require closer consideration in the planning of glued-in threaded rods. For these applications, steel with special properties may be expedient or even necessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maximum selection of the requirements is not always necessary in the various application modes. Accordingly, the prerequisites associated with a tender in the higher production categories should be more extensive and controls should be more consistent. As regards the production of components with glued-in threaded rods, we therefore suggest the following classification matrix:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Production Category<\/td>Requirements applying to production<\/td>Application situations
– example<\/td><\/tr>
PC 1<\/td>low<\/td>Reinforcement \u22a5 to grain:
– lateral pressure in the support
– transverse tension in connections and curved components
– notches
– breakthroughs (dimensioning acc. to standards)
Individual rods \u2016 to grain:
– purlin on posts<\/td><\/tr>
PC 2<\/td>normal<\/td>Small groups (n\u22644) \u2016 to grain exclusively with normal force:
– wall fastenings
– high-tensile struts
more complex applications \u22a5 to grain:
– wood-concrete compound
– large breakthroughs (ALP)
– shear reinforcements <\/td><\/tr>
PC 3<\/td>high<\/td>Group of rods \u2016 to grain with normal force and curvature:
– Frame corners
– bend-proof girder joints and column bases
– timber frames<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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